The storage battery series using for charging of wind generator, solar panel, it was tandem then provide the stable DC power and via the inverter and get the regular voltage (110v/220v/240v/380v 50-60hz) for single family ,small factory ,small hotel etc daily electricity consumption .
Operation and maintenance of Dry Cell Lead Acid Storage Batteries
Dry cell lead acid storage battery can be usage soon after the electrolyte is filled in. It is preferable to have it charged for above 5 hours to activate all the acting substance before using, so as to prolong the service life of the battery.
First – time use
1. Before using, clean the battery, remove the color tape plugging on the hole to enable ventilation in the battery.
2. The electrolyte is prepared with sulphuric acid and distilled water in accordance with National Standard GB4554-84. Its special gravity is 1.280+(-)0.005. The coolant temperature is around 25 degree
3. The electrolyte is filled into the battery when its temperature is between 21 to 32 degree. The electrolyte level should be 1-1.5cm higher than the protection board. If the battery is made of plastic material, the level should be between the up level and the low level.
4. After the electrolyte is filled into the activating board, temperature of the electrolyte rises. Only after the temperature is below 35 degree, ca the battery be charged.
5. Before charging, make sure that the positive pole and negative pole of the battery is connected to the power’s corresponding poles to avoid damage.
6. Charging with series connection requires the batteries to be the same model. If they are of different models, the charging current should be decided according to the battery of minimum capacity. The battery with higher capacity requires longer charging time. Note: charging with parallel connection is prohibited. Charging should be away from smoke and fire to avoid mishaps.
7. The charging current is calculated as follows(new batteries and old batteries are same):Charging current(A)=20 hour rated capacity(AH)/10
8. While charging, the electrolyte temperature is checked. If it approaches 40 degree or charging time is up but the electrolyte’s special gravity is still below 1.28+(-)0.005, the charging current should be reduced to half of the original current till charging completes.
9. The water filling cap, removed during charging, should be put back to avoid things fall in so as to avoid short –cut in the battery.
Maintenance
1. The battery should be kept clean and charged state as possible as one can.
2. While charging or using, pure water should be added to the electrolyte to compensate water loss due to evaporation.
3. If there is leak of the electrolyte, the same electrolyte should be used to replenish the battery .Do not use the electrolyte with higher or lower special gravity.
4. The battery should not be over discharged. One should pay attention to see if the electrolyte’s special gravity is below 1.20 (every 0.01 decline of the special gravity is equvalent to discharge of 6% capacity).
5. Fully discharged battery (the electrolyte’s special gravity is below 1.100) must be charged immediately. The battery will be damaged if it is not charged in time. The charging shall not be delayed for 4 hours.
6. If not in use, the battery should be fully charged and put in a dry and ventilated place .Supplementary charging is required once a moth.
7. While installing the battery, the poles and column heads should be dabbed with Vaseline to protect them from corrosion. The electric wires should be with sufficient capacity and as short as possible to reduce resistance.
Operation and maintenance of Lead-acid Battery
1. Initial charge
1.1 Before putting into use, you must initially charge the new battery, and before charging it ,you must do the follows: Wipe and check the surface of the cells. Be sure that it is not breakdown then connect these cells in series to form battery group in a tray, among which one cell is adjacent to another. Screw the bolts tightly so that the connecting should be in good conductivity .
1.2 Screw off the vent plug, clear the sealing material let the vent hole open freely or pull out the sealing cover and replace it with a lift cover style vent plug (see Fig) and open the cover.
1.3 If the charger is normally available fill the battery with electrolyte, the electrolyte is of sp.gr. 1.260+-0.005(25dgree) and a temperature below 30 degree. Its level should be maintained at 15-25mm above the baffle or according to the graph.
After being filled, the temperature of the battery would rise. Let battery stand 3-4 hours (don’t exceed 8 hours and cool it below 35 degree before the initial charging. Notice that the electrolyte is liable to be absorbed by plates and separators, if so the liquid level will decrease then add electrolyte and restore tit before the initial charge. )
1.4 The electrolyte is made of Sulphuric acid for battery (in accordance with China State Standard GB.4554-84) and distilled water. The sp.gr of the dilute acid in 25 degree must be corrected according to the formula:
D25=Dt +0.0007(t-25degree)
Where D25:the sp.gr value of electrolyte at 25 degree
Dt: measured sp.gr value at t degree
T: the temperature of electrolyte at which the sp.gr is measured.
1.5 Clean and dry the surface of battery. When being put on charge, the positive terminal of the battery is connected to positive terminal of the charger and the negative terminal to negative one. The voltage of the supplied source is 50% higher than the total voltage of the battery group. The charging current is recommended in the table. Initially, charge the battery group with first stage current until the cell voltage reaches a voltage of 2.4V then turn into second stage current .During charging the temperature of electrolyte must not go above 45 degree. If the temperature were exceed this level should stop the charging or reduce the charging current until it drops below 35 degree continue again and prolong the period of charging.
1.6 The indication of the fully charged battery
Continue the charging until the cell voltage reaches 2.6V (variation is less than +-0.05V),the sp.gr of electrolyte reaches 1.280+-0.005(25degree),do not increase further over a period of 2 hours and a lot of bubbles can be seen on the surface of the liquid. It indicates that the battery is fully charged . Generally, the quantity of electricity charged in initial charge is 4-5 times of the read capacity of battery and the total times of it about 70 hours.
1.7 At the final phase of the initial charge, check the sp.gr and the level of electrolyte of every cell, and keep them all in the required ranges. If necessary adjust it by adding distilled water or dilute sulphuric acid (sp.gr 1.40) and then continue the charging for 1-2 hours to make it homogeneous.
1.8 After the completion of initial charge , wipe water off the surface of battery and fit the plug to the vent hole of battery cover or close down the cover of the lift cover style vent plug then the battery is ready for use .
1.9 It’s no need for initial charge for dry charged battery. Before being used ,the battery should be filled with the electrolyte of sp.gr 1.2%+-0.005, two hours later (no more than 48 hours ), it should be charged with current, half of second stage current for 18 hours , then with a current, 1.5 times of the above current until the voltage reaches 2.6V. It can be put into use an hour later.
3 Operating and maintenance
3.1 The battery group to be put into service should be fully charged otherwise they will be negative effects on the electrical characteristics.
In battery service (discharge )take care of the depth of discharge once the cell voltage drop to 1.70V and sp.gr. of electrolyte decreases to 1.17 stop discharge and put it to recharge immediately. Any over discharge is forbidden. The battery group discharged should not be allowed to stand over a long time, on the other hand it should be recharged immediately. The method of charging usually applied in operation is referred to as normal charge.
3.2 Normal charge
The charging current of normal charge is given in the table. Generally the quantity of electricity charged to the battery is 130-140% of that of the battery discharged. The total time taken to complete normal charging is about 15 hours .
3.3 Overcharge should be avoided in the battery normal operation, while in the following conditions it is necessary for the battery to be overcharged, which is called the equalizing charge .
3.3.1 The cells of a battery group shown a decline voltage in process of charging and discharging or having repaired for any drawback are referred to as laggard cells.
3.3.2 The battery normally operated should be carried out equalizing charge once 2-3 months.
3.3.3 The battery group being stood for a long time should be carried out the equalizing charge before putting into use.
3.4 Equalizing charge
3.4.1 Charge the battery with a current of 0.1 I5 A(I5 :discharged current of 5 hours rate capacity ).
3.4.2 When the cell voltage reaches to 2.5V, many bubbles are appearing in the battery liquid, then reduce the current to 0.0.5 I5 and continue the charging.
3.4.3 When the battery reaches the fully charged condition, stop temporarily the charging by 0.5 hours and continue the charging with a current of 0.025A for 1 hour..
3.4.4 Repeat 3.4.3 for several times, while the charger swithes on, the liquid surface is gassing violently then terminate the charging..
4 Store and preservation
The battery should be stored in a clean, dry ventilated warehouse at an ambient temperature within the range of 5-40 degree. The specified valid storage period of a new battery is 2 years, The preservation in the storage period must be accorded with the following requires :
4.1 The battery should be placed in the site .where the distance to hear source is far than 2
meter and should not be exposed to the sun light.
4.2 The contact with harmful material should be avoided and any metal impurities must not be permitted to enter the battery.
4.3 Don’t place the battery up-side-down, don’t press it heavily and don’t strike it.
4.4 If the battery is temporarily taken out of service before being stored, it should be fully charged and regulated with the specific gravity and level of electrolyte there after, it should be given a supplement ary charge once a month.
